CT-Scan Technologist
Certified CT-Scan Technician
Explore CareerOverview
A Precision or Genomic-Medicine Physician is a medical specialist who uses genetic and molecular data to tailor healthcare treatments to individual patients, focusing on personalized approaches to diagnosis, prevention, and therapy. They work across various fields such as oncology, cardiology, and rare disease management, often in hospitals, research institutions, or specialized clinics. Precision-Medicine Physicians play a critical role in modern healthcare by leveraging genomic technologies to improve patient outcomes, reduce adverse effects, and optimize therapeutic strategies. By integrating genetic insights into clinical practice, they contribute significantly to advancing individualized care in a world where chronic diseases and complex conditions are increasingly managed through data-driven, targeted interventions.
Precision-Medicine Physicians are highly trained doctors who apply genomic and molecular profiling to customize medical care, identifying genetic predispositions to diseases and selecting therapies based on a patient’s unique biological makeup. Their work involves interpreting genetic test results, prescribing targeted treatments like gene therapies or precision drugs, and collaborating with genetic counselors and researchers. They often balance clinical practice with contributions to genomic research and policy development, driving innovation in personalized healthcare. Precision-Medicine Physicians are essential to healthcare, serving as leaders in individualized treatment, enhancing disease prevention, and shaping the future of medicine in a landscape where genomic technologies are transforming patient care globally.
Roles and Responsibilities
Roles and Responsibilities
- Genomic Diagnosis and Assessment
- Analyze patient genetic data through sequencing and molecular testing
- Identify genetic mutations or biomarkers linked to specific diseases or risks
- Personalized Treatment Planning
- Develop tailored treatment plans using precision therapies or targeted drugs
- Adjust medical interventions based on individual patient genomic profiles
- Patient Management
- Monitor patient responses to personalized treatments for efficacy and side effects
- Provide long-term care for chronic or genetic conditions with ongoing genomic insights
- Technology Integration
- Utilize bioinformatics tools and genomic databases for data interpretation
- Stay updated on advancements in genomic sequencing and precision medicine tools
- Counseling and Education
- Educate patients and families on genetic risks, test results, and treatment options
- Collaborate with genetic counselors to support informed decision-making
- Referral and Collaboration
- Work with oncologists, cardiologists, or other specialists for multidisciplinary care
- Partner with researchers and bioethicists to address complex genomic challenges
- Research and Development
- Conduct studies on genomic markers to improve diagnostic or therapeutic approaches
- Contribute to clinical trials for novel precision therapies or gene-editing technologies
- Public Health Advocacy
- Promote awareness of genomic medicine’s role in preventive healthcare
- Advocate for equitable access to genetic testing and personalized treatments
Study Route & Eligibility Criteria
| Route | Steps |
| Route 1 | 1. 10+2 with Physics, Chemistry, Biology (PCB) 2. MBBS degree (5.5 years including internship) 3. MD in Internal Medicine or relevant specialty (3 years) 4. Fellowship in Genomic Medicine or Precision Medicine (1-2 years) 5. Clinical practice as Precision-Medicine Physician |
| Route 2 | 1. 10+2 with Physics, Chemistry, Biology (PCB) 2. MBBS degree (5.5 years including internship) 3. DNB in Internal Medicine or relevant specialty (3 years) 4. Certification in Genomic Medicine (6 months-1 year) 5. Specialized clinical role |
| Route 3 | 1. 10+2 with Physics, Chemistry, Biology (PCB) 2. MBBS degree (5.5 years including internship) 3. MD in Internal Medicine or specialty (3 years) 4. DM in Medical Genetics or related field (3 years) 5. Training in Precision Medicine (1-2 years) 6. Practice in specific genomic areas |
| Route 4 | 1. 10+2 with Physics, Chemistry, Biology (PCB) 2. MBBS degree (5.5 years including internship) 3. International residency or fellowship in Genomic Medicine (2-5 years) 4. Clinical role abroad or in India |
Significant Observations (Academic Related Points)
- Medical Foundation: A strong background in basic medical sciences during MBBS is essential for understanding genomics.
- Clinical Exposure: Early training in internal medicine during postgraduate studies builds critical diagnostic skills.
- Specialized Training: Fellowships or certifications in genomic medicine provide expertise in precision healthcare.
- Technical Proficiency: Mastery of bioinformatics and genetic analysis tools is vital for accurate interpretation.
- Interdisciplinary Knowledge: Understanding genetics, oncology, and pharmacology aids in applying precision medicine across fields.
- Certification Importance: Registration with medical councils (like MCI in India) is mandatory for legal practice.
- Continuing Education: Regular participation in CME (Continuing Medical Education) programs is necessary to stay updated on genomic advancements.
- Global Standards: Aligning with international genomic guidelines boosts opportunities for practice abroad.
- Patient Interaction: Strong communication skills are crucial for discussing complex genetic information with patients.
- Entrance Examination Success: Clearing exams like NEET-UG for MBBS or NEET-PG for MD is mandatory in India.
- International Testing Requirements: For practice abroad, strong performance in exams like USMLE, PLAB, or AMC is necessary.
Internships & Practical Exposure
- Mandatory internship during MBBS in hospital settings across specialties
- Rotations in internal medicine and genetics during internship and residency
- Postgraduate residency in medicine for hands-on patient management and diagnostic experience
- Observerships with experienced genomic-medicine specialists in specialized centers
- Participation in genetic health camps for community outreach and screening
- Training in genomic data analysis through real-world case studies and simulations
- Exposure to personalized treatment planning through patient follow-ups
- Clinical projects on genomic applications during medical training
- Public health initiatives for awareness on genetic testing and precision medicine
- International clinical attachments for global exposure to genomic-medicine practices
Courses & Specializations to Enter the Field
- MBBS (Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery)
- MD in Internal Medicine
- DM in Medical Genetics
- DNB in Internal Medicine or relevant specialty
- Fellowship in Genomic Medicine
- Fellowship in Precision Oncology
- Certification in Bioinformatics and Genomic Data Analysis
- Training in Personalized Medicine
- Specialization in Rare Genetic Disorders
- Workshops on Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) and CRISPR Technology
Top Institutes for Precision / Genomic-Medicine Physician Education (India)
| Institute | Course/Program | Official Link |
| All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi | DM Medical Genetics | https://www.aiims.edu/ |
| Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh | Genomic Medicine Training | https://pgimer.edu.in/ |
| Christian Medical College (CMC), Vellore | Fellowship in Medical Genetics | https://www.cmch-vellore.edu/ |
| Maulana Azad Medical College (MAMC), New Delhi | Advanced Genomic Training | https://www.mamc.ac.in/ |
| Armed Forces Medical College (AFMC), Pune | Genomic Medicine Certification | https://www.afmc.nic.in/ |
| Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education & Research (JIPMER), Puducherry | Medical Genetics Training | https://www.jipmer.edu.in/ |
| Seth GS Medical College & KEM Hospital, Mumbai | Fellowship in Precision Medicine | https://www.kem.edu/ |
| Madras Medical College (MMC), Chennai | Advanced Medical Programs | https://www.mmc.ac.in/ |
| King George’s Medical University (KGMU), Lucknow | Genomic Medicine Training | https://www.kgmu.org/ |
| Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences (SGPGIMS), Lucknow | DM Medical Genetics | https://www.sgpgi.ac.in/ |
Top International Institutes
| Institution | Course | Country | Official Link |
| Harvard Medical School | Genomic Medicine Fellowship | USA | https://www.harvard.edu/ |
| Johns Hopkins University | Genomic Medicine Training Program | USA | https://www.jhu.edu/ |
| University College London (UCL) | MSc Genomic Medicine | UK | https://www.ucl.ac.uk/ |
| University of California, San Francisco (UCSF) | Precision Medicine Residency/Fellowship | USA | https://www.ucsf.edu/ |
| University of Oxford | MSc in Genomic Medicine | UK | https://www.ox.ac.uk/ |
| McGill University | Genomic Medicine Training Program | Canada | https://www.mcgill.ca/ |
| University of Melbourne | Advanced Training in Genomic Medicine | Australia | https://www.unimelb.edu.au/ |
| Karolinska Institutet | Research Program in Genomic Medicine | Sweden | https://ki.se/en |
| University of Toronto | Genomic Medicine Fellowship | Canada | https://www.utoronto.ca/ |
| Stanford University | Precision Health and Genomics Program | USA | https://www.stanford.edu/ |
Entrance Tests Required
India:
- NEET Super Speciality (NEET-SS) for DM in Medical Genetics
- AIIMS MBBS Entrance Examination (now merged with NEET-UG)
- JIPMER MBBS Entrance Exam (now merged with NEET-UG)
- State-level medical entrance exams for MBBS admissions
- INI-CET (Institute of National Importance Combined Entrance Test) for postgraduate courses
- University-specific entrance tests for fellowship or certification programs
International:
- United States Medical Licensing Examination (USMLE) for residency in the USA
- Medical College Admission Test (MCAT) for MD programs in the USA and Canada
- Professional and Linguistic Assessments Board (PLAB) for practice in the UK
- Australian Medical Council (AMC) exams for practice in Australia
- Medical Council of Canada Qualifying Examination (MCCQE) for Canada
- Test of English as a Foreign Language (TOEFL) with a minimum score of 100-110
- International English Language Testing System (IELTS) with a minimum score of 7.0-7.5
- Pearson Test of English Academic (PTE Academic)
- Duolingo English Test (accepted by some institutions)
Ideal Progressing Career Path
Medical Student → Intern → Junior Resident → Physician (Internal Medicine/Subspecialty) → Precision-Medicine Physician → Senior Precision-Medicine Specialist → Genomic Medicine Department Head/Academic Faculty → Hospital Administrator/Research Director
Major Areas of Employment
- Hospitals for personalized patient care and genomic diagnostics
- Specialized genomic clinics for genetic testing and counseling
- Academic institutions for teaching and research in precision medicine
- Private clinics for outpatient genomic consultations
- Research institutes for developing new genomic therapies and diagnostics
- Government health departments for implementing precision medicine programs
- Telemedicine platforms for remote genomic consultations and counseling
- Biotechnology companies for genomic technology testing and development
- Public health organizations for promoting genetic screening and awareness
- Diagnostic centers for genomic sequencing and molecular testing services
Prominent Employers
| India | International |
| All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS) | Mayo Clinic, USA |
| Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER) | Cleveland Clinic, USA |
| Apollo Hospitals | Johns Hopkins Hospital, USA |
| Fortis Healthcare | Massachusetts General Hospital, USA |
| Max Healthcare | Royal Marsden Hospital, UK |
| Christian Medical College (CMC), Vellore | Toronto General Hospital, Canada |
| Medanta – The Medicity | Mount Sinai Hospital, USA |
| Narayana Health | Royal Melbourne Hospital, Australia |
| Manipal Hospitals | Stanford Health Care, USA |
| Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, New Delhi | UCLA Medical Center, USA |
Pros and Cons of the Profession
| Pros | Cons |
| Opportunity to pioneer personalized healthcare through genomics | High complexity in interpreting genetic data accurately |
| High demand for precision-medicine experts due to chronic disease prevalence | Long training periods and need for continuous learning |
| Rewarding work in improving patient outcomes with targeted therapies | Emotional toll from managing complex or untreatable genetic conditions |
| Diverse roles in clinical care, research, and policy development | Risk of burnout due to intricate case management and ethical dilemmas |
| High potential for innovation in gene therapies and diagnostics | Limited access to advanced genomic tools in some regions |
Industry Trends and Future Outlook
- Increasing adoption of precision medicine across specialties due to better outcomes
- Growth in telemedicine for remote genetic counseling and precision consultations
- Advances in genomic sequencing technologies like next-generation sequencing (NGS)
- Rising focus on personalized therapies using CRISPR and gene-editing tools
- Expansion of genetic screening programs for preventive healthcare
- Development of AI-driven tools for genomic data interpretation and diagnostics
- Growing emphasis on precision oncology for cancer treatment customization
- Integration of wearable technology for real-time health data in precision care
- Increased collaboration between clinicians and biotech firms for innovation
- Rising importance of ethical frameworks for genomic data privacy and consent
Salary Expectations
| Career Level | India (₹ per annum) | International (USD per annum) |
| Intern/Junior Resident | 3,00,000 - 6,00,000 | 40,000 - 60,000 |
| Physician (Early Career) | 10,00,000 - 20,00,000 | 100,000 - 200,000 |
| Precision-Medicine Physician (Early Career) | 20,00,000 - 35,00,000 | 180,000 - 300,000 |
| Senior Precision-Medicine Specialist | 35,00,000 - 60,00,000 | 300,000 - 450,000 |
| Genomic Medicine Department Head/Academic Faculty | 50,00,000 - 1 Crore+ | 400,000 - 550,000+ |
| Hospital Administrator/Research Director | 70,00,000+ | 450,000+ |
Key Software Tools
- Genomic data analysis platforms like Galaxy and Illumina BaseSpace
- Electronic Medical Record (EMR) systems for patient data integration
- Bioinformatics software for genetic variant analysis (e.g., GATK, ANNOVAR)
- Clinical decision support tools for precision treatment planning
- Telehealth platforms like Teladoc for virtual genetic consultations
- Genomic databases like ClinVar and Ensembl for reference data
- Research tools like PubMed and OMIM for staying updated
- Microsoft Office Suite for documentation and presentations
- Secure messaging tools for communication with healthcare teams
- AI-driven platforms for predictive modelling in genomic medicine
Professional Organizations and Networks
- International Society of Genomic Medicine (ISGM)
- American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics (ACMG)
- European Society of Human Genetics (ESHG)
- Indian Society of Human Genetics (ISHG)
- Precision Medicine Coalition (PMC)
- Global Alliance for Genomics and Health (GA4GH)
- Association for Molecular Pathology (AMP)
- Human Genome Organisation (HUGO)
- National Society of Genetic Counselors (NSGC)
- Asia-Pacific Society of Human Genetics (APSHG)
Notable Precision / Genomic-Medicine Physicians and Industry Leaders
- Dr. Eric Topol (Contemporary, USA): Advocate for precision medicine since the 2000s. As a cardiologist and founder of the Scripps Research Translational Institute, he integrates genomics with digital health for individualized care. His publications and innovations bridge technology and medicine, shaping modern healthcare delivery.
- Dr.AravindaChakravarti (Contemporary, USA): Renowned geneticist focusing on complex human diseases since the 1980s. As a key contributor to the Human Genome Project, he has advanced understanding of genetic underpinnings of conditions like autism and heart disease. His work at Johns Hopkins has shaped precision medicine through genomic mapping and risk prediction.
- Dr.SekarKathiresan (Contemporary, USA): Leader in cardiovascular genomics since the 2000s. As CEO of Verve Therapeutics, he pioneers gene-editing therapies to prevent heart disease using CRISPR technology. His research on genetic risk factors for heart attacks has driven targeted prevention strategies in precision medicine.
- Dr.Atul Butte (Contemporary, USA): Innovator in biomedical informatics and precision medicine since the 2000s. As director of the Institute for Computational Health Sciences at UCSF, he uses big data and genomics to personalize treatments. His work accelerates drug discovery and clinical applications of genomic data.
- Dr.CharisEng (Contemporary, USA): Expert in cancer genomics since the 1990s. At the Cleveland Clinic, she focuses on hereditary cancer syndromes, linking genetic mutations to personalized prevention and therapy. Her research and clinical guidelines have improved outcomes for high-risk patients globally.
- Dr. Siddhartha Mukherjee (Contemporary, USA/India): Oncologist and author known for his work in cancer genomics since the 2000s. His Pulitzer Prize-winning book "The Emperor of All Maladies" and research on cancer genetics highlight precision approaches to oncology. His advocacy bridges science and public understanding of personalized medicine.
- Dr.VijayalakshmiMahadevan (Contemporary, India): Specialist in medical genetics since the 1990s. Based at AIIMS, New Delhi, she focuses on rare genetic disorders and prenatal diagnostics, advancing precision medicine in India. Her work in genetic counseling and research has improved access to personalized care in underserved regions.
- Dr. George Church (Contemporary, USA): Pioneer in genomic sequencing and synthetic biology since the 1980s. As a professor at Harvard, he co-founded the Personal Genome Project and advances CRISPR-based therapies for genetic diseases. His innovations continue to push the boundaries of precision medicine and gene editing.
Advice for Aspiring Precision / Genomic-Medicine Physicians
- Build a strong foundation in medical and biological sciences during MBBS to prepare for genomic studies.
- Seek early exposure to internal medicine or genetics through internships to confirm interest in precision care.
- Prepare thoroughly for entrance exams like NEET-PG and NEET-SS to secure seats in reputed programs.
- Pursue fellowships or certifications in genomic medicine to gain expertise in personalized healthcare.
- Stay updated on technological advancements by attending conferences on genomics and precision medicine.
- Develop analytical skills in bioinformatics to interpret complex genetic data effectively.
- Engage in research projects to contribute to genomic advancements and strengthen your profile.
- Join professional associations like the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics (ACMG) for networking and resources.
- Work on communication skills to explain genetic risks and treatments to patients with clarity.
- Explore international fellowships for exposure to cutting-edge genomic practices and global standards.
- Volunteer in genetic screening programs to understand diverse patient needs and build practical experience.
- Cultivate empathy to support patients dealing with sensitive genetic information and health risks.
- Attend CME programs to stay abreast of evolving genomic technologies and clinical guidelines.
- Build a network with healthcare professionals and researchers for interdisciplinary collaboration.
- Develop resilience to handle the ethical and emotional challenges of genomic medicine.
- Balance clinical practice with continuous learning to adapt to rapid advancements in genetic technology.
A career as a Precision / Genomic-Medicine Physician offers a groundbreaking opportunity to serve at the forefront of personalized healthcare, providing tailored medical solutions through the power of genetic and molecular insights. From diagnosing complex conditions with genomic precision to designing targeted therapies that improve patient outcomes, Precision-Medicine Physicians play a pivotal role in transforming modern medicine. This field combines clinical expertise, technological innovation, and a commitment to individualized care, offering diverse paths in hospitals, specialized clinics, and research. For those passionate about harnessing science to make a direct impact on individual lives and address the growing complexity of chronic and genetic diseases, a career as a Precision / Genomic-Medicine Physician provides an intellectually stimulating and professionally rewarding journey with the potential to make significant contributions to medicine and society by enhancing the quality of personalized healthcare worldwide.
